The need is what distinguishes the secular thought and the greek relation to Christian thought. For Christians, the world is the result of free choice of God, and the same man in Catholicism is free and subject to sin.
For greek Instead, the gods and men are not free, but are subject to fate, symbolized by the fates. The mission of the greek is not to change the future, but deal with what is already written in the most heroic and honorable. There is a gap unbridgeable between man and god, there is one supreme God who judges, that rewards and punishes. The same actions of God are subject to fate, and are inseparable from the whole. The god is thus conceived as a monad Almighty who decides to create something ... The greek knows no prospect of salvation, a paradise afterlife. His logic is a logic in which the divine is in everything, is immanent, and immanent is the ultimate meaning of Greek life.
Religion Greek religion is not a cold and impersonal, the characters have the human and divine characters gil men, and men compete with the gods, and are allied with some of the distrust of others. There is no division, but inseparable from the human and the divine center, conceived as immanent in the sense enclosed together by fate and history preserved.
What role can have a Providence, if there's destiny?
From my point of view it is perfectly possible to harmonize the design of Providence provided by Vico, God Hegelian historical, and the fate greek.
gods intervene in human affairs, then providence is not incompatible with destiny. This statement can be explained in more mundane but more understandable way:
"are leading an army, my legions were decimated: at some point I get from my hill a military ally, who comes to help me out. "Definitely the limited subjective point of view this is the work of divine providence, which came to my rescue. The difference between a Christian and a secular providence is therefore in need: "God has not chosen in a completely free, it was fate that I asked for help and he was generous with me, sending a military ally. "
What exists is not only the only the subjectivity or objectivity, but there is only the absolute union of the two.
There is indeed a good and an evil from the objective point of view, it exists only in relation to subjectivity. For me it was good to receive reinforcements, for my enemy was an evil, and we have both right (in the sense that our subjective assessment is real, and therefore it is rational in the Hegelian sense) ... the god (and man) as historical subjects, they may think that something is good or bad, but from the standpoint of fate, there is no good or bad.
The Destiny is the reign of the objective, but as such this realm does not exist by itself can not exist ... the objective of the kingdom without the need for subjective realm of freedom: the only reality then is the Hegelian historical totality conceived, designed as synthesis between freedom and necessity.
The man and the gods are the representatives of Subjectivity particular, the subjective spirit (free, Thesis).
The destiny (symbolized the activity weaver of fates) is the objective spirit (need, antithesis).
The truth, the reality is that there exist separately, but all that There is the summary (the full historical Hegelian synthesis, I call absolute spirit, because the reality in which coexist both the object and the subjective. They are united because the reality, the whole is Reason, and the intellect instead splits the whole creating a formal separation against).
Reason, the totality, there can be no history, that is not the time. Here in Spinoza, who conceives the whole as a substance, is a claim to total needs at the expense of freedom, so that the philosopher comes to affirm the freedom only as an awareness reached of the need, that is to be part of all of the substance (knowledge of God). Spinoza absolutizes the substance (which is characterized necessarily), and may do so because in his monistic philosophy excludes the time, becoming. He realizes that the temporal reality is a synthesis of freedom and necessity, but because of the use of the "geometrical method", has reached a correct view of what is the totality. The intuition that gives rise to the knowledge of geometry is in fact a tool to grab the space but not time (symbolized, already by Kant as a key element of mathematics, since both in algebra and in the measurement of time There is the idea of \u200b\u200bsuccession). Spinoza also struck by the Galilean science, but know through repeatable experiments, that is, stopping the time: the historical time but can not be stopped, is the element of implementing all of the Company.
conclude with an answer to the question: what is providence? Providence is the work of a god in the context of the totality, of a god who is not free but is part of the whole that includes, in addition to him, fate, the man and the other gods. The god is not absolutely free (as the Christian God), because it is not omnipotent, because it is beyond the the history and destiny. Not being absolutely transcendent, can not be absolutely free in his actions. At the same time, God is not absolutely needed in its actions, because otherwise there would be action and there is nothing but an empty target, without subjects, without and without the men, a senseless fate.
In this pagan universe, space would undoubtedly help from a god, but the prayers of atonement would be foolish to mitigate the anger of a Christian God is transcendent and omnipotent. The Christian God is contradictory because it claims that there is time for men only and not for God, not prove it. That's So God because, unlike man, a person not bound by time, becomes in the minds of the faithful something absolute. By denying the historicity of God absolutizes a part of the thesis, you can lose yourself in logical terms the argument with the synthesis.
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